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NOTE: The information contained in this website is based on original research and actual measurements taken with Google© earth which can be easily reproduced following the methodology described in the book. Alternatively, you may obtain copies of the original research data by contacting us. Thank You.

ANCIENT ARCHITECTURE AND THE ARCHEOLOGY OF TIME MEASUREMENT

Architectural archaeology, in general, assumes ancient buildings or structures were constructed to serve an anthropological need such as shelter or religious purposes, in other instances they might have been constructed to ensure human sustenance as in the case of grain storage and water conveyance. These studies therefore look at how the spaces and designs might have served those needs and in conjunction with archaeological evaluations a clearer picture of ancient societies emerges. The emerging picture is muddled in many instances by the inability of these studies to definitively determine how many cultural layers have been deposited at a site through millennia. Was the intent and design of a site and its structures used for the intended purpose across the ages, is a vital question?

Book Title Timekeepers of Ancient earth a study of ancient monuments geographical locations.tif

One clear instance of alternate use of a structure is the obelisk. In Egypt obelisks were, presumably, erected in some instances to worship the god Ra. In the latter part of the third century BC Eratosthenes used an obelisk and water well to measure the circumference of the earth. The importance of his achievement is, not only because it was perhaps the first time an architectural construction was used as an instrument with a scientific purpose without having an immediate societal benefit, but, for the 'first time' the earth sun exposure relationship was used for the task; the angle of illumination and the shadows cast by the obelisk and the reflection of the sun in the well were used to calculate a measurement of astronomical proportions. Were obelisks intended as religious objects to begin with, or did they have a more secular purpose? We will never know. Unfortunately many of these obelisks were dismantled and sent to Europe and America. Their specific locations and heights might have told a different story.

The narrative of Eratosthenes' experiment is well documented and we accept it immediately as factual. The question is; was it really the first time an architectural construction was used for scientific purposes; in this case as a measuring instrument to take earth measurements? Were other earlier archeological monuments, also, used as measuring instruments or perhaps specifically designed and built to achieve earth measurements of the same order of magnitude, but their purpose was not documented and it was forgotten through millennia? Is their documentation implicit in their physical geometries?

We are well aware of the various archaeological sites with structures which show alignments with the sun at the solstices; such as Machu Picchu and Stonehenge. These structures we are ready to accept were constructed for religious or agricultural purposes, but find it hard to imagine there was a scientific purpose behind their designs, irrespective if they were inhabited or not or used for ceremonial purposes. Were those 'ceremonial' purposes the embers of long forgotten scientific inquiry? The precision of the alignment these structures have with the sun at specific times of the year invite us to divine a more fundamental rationale for their planning, construction and use; the purpose of their existence. Were the angles of their structures, walls and lines included in their designs related to the angles at which the sun rays illuminate the earth at specific times of the year? Are the relative global positions of these structures as important as the locations of the Eratosthenes' obelisk and water well were for his calculations; these are found respectively, in Alexandria and Syene (Aswan) some five hundred miles from each other, perhaps in a grander global scale? We believe the anthropological needs of our current civilization do not justify the enterprise and design undertaken to build some of the well known grander sites. Our civilization may have overlaid its fingerprint over layers of previous many other layers in many instances cloaking the original purpose of these structures.

Our approach to answer these questions was to investigate if there were geometric patterns generated by the structures locations on earth. Several authors had looked at alignments and geometric positioning of structures with respect to the earth's poles and geographic topographical markers, but none of their work suggested the perspective of our inquiry: we consider each archeological site a global topographic marker whose position and orientation could be their function.  Eventually we found something that might have been created to serve such function; an ancient glyph with the shape of an instrument in Paracas, Peru:  The Candelabra, a geo glyph with clearly defined purpose; a pointer, as author Von Daniken had described it because of its appearance, but unfortunately could not fathom a use for it. The 'pointer' characteristic is inherent in its geometric design, we determined; its objective is to point to the tip of South America the Tierra de Fuego region at 175 from its location. An arc line drawn following the Candelabra's main stem, at that azimuth 'coincidentally' passes through Monte Verde Creek the site where 14k year old human remains were found. The intentionality in the design is assured by one of the prongs which points at 180, precisely, while the other is parallel to the main one. It is remarkable that the authors would know about the cardinal points (geometry was not developed until the sixth century BC) and as we confirmed later are used repeatedly as reference points. This angle difference in direction with respect to the cardinal points in the presence of a cardinal point alignment is found at many monuments around the world. In most instances arc lines traced at one or both of the angles embedded in the object or structure -cardinal and non cardinal azimuths- lead to important places. For instance, the direction of the inland side of Ahu Vinapu points to the Hovenweep Pueblos at 0 due north while the sea side at 1.2 points to the Penasco Pueblo in the Chaco Canyon.

In the study we evaluated well over one hundred archaeological sites. For each, the solar illumination angles at the solstices were established as well as the architectural features which reflect those angles, i.e. a record of the angle the sun shone at the time of their construction. We also determined the relationships that exist between sites. Those relationships were confirmed by plotting the sites' geographic coordinates in a 3D Cartesian coordinate grid. In many instances, the results show these sites' location coordinates are points on great circles around the earth. The pyramid of Cheops sits at the intersection point of two such circles. This is discussed in detail below.

"ANCIENT MONUMENTS OR FEATURES IN THEIR DESIGNS ALIGN WITH THE SUN AT SPECIFIC TIMES OF THE YEAR. FOR SOME, THE SUN'S SOLSTICE ALIGNMENTS ARE NOTE WORTHY; THESE LOCAL EVENTS ARE NOT GEOGRAPHICALLY ISOLATED, TOGETHER THEY TIME THE EARTH'S ASTRONOMICAL MOVEMENTS"

The Timekeepers is a book about this research which explains the rationale behind the engineering or architectural design and the geographical location of ancient archaeological structures or sites; from the simple but elegant lines at Nazca to the Egyptian Pyramids.  The discoveries briefly presented here are explained in detail in the book. In it direction is given in plain language for anyone familiar or newly introduced to the subject to follow; readers with minimum training, with a computer and Google© earth can easily retrace and reproduce the data presented. Alternatively Google© .kml files of the research results may be obtained from the web site.

In this newly expanded edition of the book, previously published entitled; Nasca & Easter Island- An ancient Global Plan Revealed (2014), significant advances in the original research are presented. The continuation of this research reveals how the architects of ancient monuments built into their designs the Earth Sun Exposure astronomical relationship.  In this edition a scheme of broad implications based on geographic and cartographic data is assembled which shows many of the monuments of antiquity were designed and placed to serve as Timekeepers. As such each monument in the scheme marks a place on earth where the sun shines at a specific time and angle during a year's cycle.

The new data shows that the archaeological legacy is the product of a civilization or civilizations who accurately measured the earth's planetary motions. They measured the earth's axis tilt and left a record of this knowledge. The value of the obliquity angle of the earth's axis was recorded in lines, structures and glyphs at many locations the world over, most of them remote from each other, but are connected through their geometries. These ancient civilizations may have lived on earth, perhaps centuries earlier than is currently believed; this conclusion is derived from the monuments' current sun exposure alignments vs. the alignment they were given at the time they were built. The key site, the foundation for this analysis is Machu Picchu where we find a sun exposure historical record built in its layout, buildings, terraces and the Intihuatana Stone.

"THE MACHU PICCHU CITADEL WAS BUILT TO INCLUDE IN ITS DESIGNS THE SHIFT IN THE SUN'S ANGLE THROUGH THE CENTURIES AND THROUGH THE YEAR'S CYCLE"

 

SUMMER SOLSTICE SOUTH WEB sml.tifThe technological acumen of the architects of ancient monuments is further revealed in the recording of the earth's seasonal cycles, built into many sites and monuments, such as: Gobekli Tepe, Teotihuacán, Stonehenge, Kalasasaya and the Medicine Wheel, among others. The geographical locations for these monuments were predetermined to function as astronomical geodetic markers around the earth. This is corroborated by the site geographical positioning data sourced from sites around the globe, from monuments believed to have been built by civilizations, presumably unconnected to each other.  The geographical locations and the structures' azimuth at the sites were astronomically aligned to record the angle of the sun's circle of illumination on earth, at their selected latitudes. The sites' longitudes were selected to mark the distance between the circles of illumination accurately spaced around the Equator, resulting in a global clock which measured, then and now, the mean 24 hour solar day; the data reveals. The graphic above is a Google© map of the circles of illumination for each site, as found around the globe. These civilization(s) mastered the science of time, thousands of years earlier than currently believed. This study re-sets the dawning of the Archeology of Time Measurement

 

 


This research reveals the architectural and geographic planning of monuments and other ancient megalithic structures was guided by precise astronomical measurements; the magnitude of this work was driven, perhaps, by the desire to leave a permanent record!

"...The most comprehensive cartographic study of archaeological sites to date..."

"...Fully documented. Geographic coordinates for most locations cited are provided..."

"...Two hundred and eighty fully illustrated pages, with graphics and data tables..."

PREVIEW full articles under NEW DEVELOPMENTS which provide insight into the foundation of this innovative approach to the evaluation of archaeological sites.

Click on the graphics on the first column below, to read a short note on each site covered in the book.

Archaeology of Time Measurement

Google© data files are available in .kmz format!, request list HERE

 

 


CALCULATE THE SUN'S POSITION IN THE SKY FOR ANY PLACE, DATE AND TIME OF DAY USING THE CALCULATOR BELOW

 

 

Enter the desired location in the SEARCH box on the upper left. You may enter the place's name (New York, Paris..) or the coordinates if known, either in decimal or degrees.

Below, just above the map on the left enter the desired date and time. The calculator will display the time zone automatically.   When the parameters are set click on the blue button 'EXECUTE' The result will show the sun's path and the specified hour highlighted. Click on the arrow to see the elevation angle at dawn, noon and dusk. The default display is the 'Sun Path' other choices are available in the drop down list.

 

THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF TIME MESUREMENT REVEALS HOW SOME ANCIENT  STRUCTURES WERE DESIGNED TO INCLUDE IN THEIR DESIGNS A LINE PERPENDICULAR TO THE ANGLE OF INCIDENCE OF THE SUN AT THE SOLSTICES, I.E. THE CIRCLE OF ILLUMINATION. THE GROUP OF THESE STRUCTURES FROM AROUND THE WORLD MARK EQUAL TIME SPANS WHICH MEASURE THE AVERAGE LENGTH OF THE DAILY CYCLE; THEY FORM A CHRONOMETER.

The candelabra Paracas points to Nasca and its lines encode directions to places also shows the chamical composition of air.tif

The main Nazca lines align with archaeological sites in Mesoamerica and North America.tif

The El Infiernito megalith circle arrangement sets the direction to major archaeological sites Giza Gobekli Tepe and Mesoamerica.tif

THE CANDELABRA, PARACAS PERU

 NASCA LINES' ALIGNMENTS

EL INFIERNITO, COLOMBIA

Nazca lines serve as a map they point in the direction of archaeologica sites.tif

SACSAYHUAMAN Sun Dial in Peru aligns with El Caracol in Yucatan Mexico at the sun line angle .tif

Easter Island Ahus dirction point at archaeological sites around the earth.tif

THE NAZCA LINES ARE A MAP

SACSAYHUAMAN 'SUN DIAL'

TAHAI COMPLEX- EASTER ISLAND, CHILE

Teotihuacan Promenade points to Isle Royale the Sun pyramid aligns with Tyrona.tif

MACHU PICCHU aligns with the earth axis declination angle the sun line serves to measure time.tif

CHACO & HOVENWEEP Pueblos align with Sacsayhuaman and Raqchi temple of Viracocha.tif

TEOTIHUACÁN, MÉXICO

MACHU PICCHU, PERU

HOVENWEEP & CHACO CANYON PUEBLOS

Cerne Abbas Giant points to the Pyramid of Cheops and the Sphinx.tif

The Pacific Ocean Ridge points North is encased by the Verneukpan limit lines and follows the 150 degree  meridian one degree off the Giza great circle.tif

PYRAMIDS of Giza layout & alignment follow the Pacific Ocean Ridge alignment and design similar to the AKAPANA pyramid.tif

ABBAS GIANT, UK

PACIFIC OCEN RIDGE

 THE GIZA PYRAMIDS ALIGNMENT

Avebury megaliths map lines to Aztlan Moray Inca and Isle royale and serve as time measurement marker.tif

Stonehenge graphic shows its megaliths align with Nazca the Yonaguni Pyramid and Sacsayhuaman .tif

Kalasasaya Ponce Stela aligns with the Puerta del Sol y de La Luna at the solstice.tif

AVEBURY, UK

STONEHENGE, UK

SUMMER SOLSTICE AT KALSASAYA TIHUANAKU BOLIVIA

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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